Within the Uintah Basin of Utah there are 15 evaporation pond farms that manage liquid waste.  Recently, one of the facilities in Grand County, Utah, which receives wastewater from oil and gas mining in Colorado, was found to be operating without air-quality permits for the past six years. Since April 2008, the facility has released “tons of toxic chemicals” into the air. The company, Danish Flats Environmental Services, had also provided faulty data that did not accurately report the effectiveness of emission-control equipment on site. An analysis conducted by the states Division of Air Quality found that the site was a “major emission source for hazardous air pollutants and volatile organic compounds.” The company was subsequently fined $50,000 for its violations.

In September Pesticide Action Network North America and the National Resources Defense Council sued the Environmental Protection Agency to ban chlorpyrifos, an insecticide that is used on a variety of food and feed crops and golf courses. On its website, the EPA outlined that chlorpyrifos is used to:

It’s no secret that the honey bee is disappearing at an alarming rate and organizations from the public and private sectors are looking for ways to reverse the trend. In fact U.S. President Barack Obama announced in June the creation of a task force to address the diminishing population of honey bees and other pollinators. The efforts of the honey bee are critical for the food industry as they pollinate fruit, nuts and vegetables. “Globally, 87 of the leading 115 food crops evaluated are dependent on animal population.” In addition, these “Pollinators contribute more than $24 billion to the United States economy, of which honey bees account for more than $15 billion.”[i]

According to Duke Energy, approximately 5,000 gallons of diesel fuel spilled into the Ohio River on Monday, August 18^th. The leak, which started around 11:15 p.m. during a routine transfer of fuel oil, was stopped by 11:30 p.m. The company notified local, state and environmental agencies, as well as the Coast Guard, Northern Kentucky Water District and Greater Cincinnati Water Works.

According to the American Chemistry Council, nearly 800,000 people in the United Sates are directly employed in the chemistry industry. In fact, chemical companies spent more than $56 billion in research and development in 2013, and 96 percent of all manufactured goods are directly touched by the chemical industry. In other words, a career in chemistry delivers a promising future.

In the first part of our series on headspace analysis, we covered the basics, from defining what it is and how it saves labs time and money to its uses in modern labs. In part two, we detailed how analysts can achieve the best performances using headspace/gas chromatography (GC) and the importance of correctly preparing samples for analysis. In the third part, we will focus on the three common techniques that are used to transfer a headspace sample from the vials to the GC. These include gas-tight syringe injection, balanced-pressure systems and pressure-loop systems.